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I claim:The disruption of corticomuscular synchronization in ULF at the freezing rhythm itself further argues into this direction and attracts interest on alternate (presumably subcortical) drivers. Methodological considerations. Several methodological considerations have to be taken into account when interpreting our findings on ULF. Glassdoor is your resource for information about Myotronics benefits and perks. Learn about Myotronics, including insurance benefits, retirement benefits, and vacation policy. Benefits information above is provided anonymously by current and former Myotronics employees, and may include a summary provided by the employer. . To justifiably share in-depth info regarding the decisive elements impacting the increase of industry (growth capacity, chances, drivers and industry specific challenge and risks). To know the Bleed Air Regulators Market by pinpointing its many sub segments. To profile the important players and analyze their growth plans.
1. An electromyograph having a plurality of electrode channels receiving input signals from respective electrodes, each positioned to receive an electrical signal from a masticatory muscle, comprising:
threshold means for each electrode receiving respective input signals from said electrodes and generating respective actuating signals when the amplitude of said input signals exceeds a predetermined value;
first detector means receiving all of said actuating signals and generating an enabling signal for each electrode channel responsive to an actuating signal from any of said threshold means;
respective second detector means for each electrode channel, said second detector means terminating the enabling signal for said channel responsive to an actuating signal from the corresponding threshold means;
timer means for each electrode channel, said timer means recording the duration of the enabling signal for the corresponding electrode channel; and
display means for each electrode channel receiving an output from the corresponding timer means indicative of the duration of the enabling signal for the corresponding electrode channel whereby said display means indicate the time elapsing between contraction of the first-to-contract masticatory muscle and the contraction of each of the remaining masticatory muscles.
2. The electromyograph of claim 1, further including means for applying an externally generated actuating signal to said first detector means so that said display means can provide an indication of the time elapsing between an external event and the contraction of each masticatory muscle.
3. The electromyograph of claim 2, further including means for applying the enabling signal from a first electromyograph to the first detector means of a second electromyograph such that a plurality of electromyographs may be used together to determine the coordination between a relatively large number of masticatory muscles.
4. The electromyograph of claim 1 wherein said first and second detector means comprise: gating means receiving the acutating signals from all of said threshold means, said gating means generating a first control signal responsive to an actuating signal from any of said threshold means;
bistable multivibrator means for each electrode channel, the multivibrator means for all electrode channels being set by said first control signal while the multivibrator means for each electrode channel is individually reset responsive to termination of the actuating signal from the corresponding threshold means; and
exclusive OR means for each electrode channel receiving the actuating signal from the corresponding threshold circuit and a set output signal from the corresponding bistable multivibrator means, said exclusive OR means generating said enabling signal when said actuating signal and the set output signal are either both present or both not present so that said exclusive OR means generates an enabling signal from the start of an actuating signal from the threshold means of any electrode channel until the start of an actuating signal from the threshold means of the corresponding electrode channel.
5. The electromyograph of claim 4 wherein said timer means comprise:
oscillator means for generating a clock signal having a predetermined frequency;
second gating means receiving said clock signal, said gating means enabled by the enabling signal from the exclusive OR means of the corresponding electrode channels; and
counter means having its input connected to the output of said second gating means so that said second counter means is incremented by said clock signal during said enabling signal, whereby the contents of said counter indicate the duration of said enabling signal.
6. The electromyograph of claim 4, further including means for selectively disconnecting the output of said gating means from said bistable multivibrator means so that said enabling signal is produced during the entire duration of said actuating signal, whereby said display means provides an indication of the duration of said actuating signal.
7. The electromyograph of claim 4, further comprising:
counter means having its clock input connected to the output of said gating means so that said counter means is incremented by the first-to-be-generated actuating signal from all of said threshold means;
decoder means receiving the output of said counter means for generating a disabling signal responsive to said counter means incrementing to a predetermined value; and
switch means for disconnecting said enabling signal from said timer means responsive to said disabling signal so that said timer means records the duration of said enabling signal for a predetermined number of actuating signals.
8. The electromyograph of claim 1, further including:
integrator means for generating an output signal which is the integral with respect to time of each input signal;
switch means actuated by said actuating signal for applying the input signal to said integrator means such that the input signal is integrated only when said input signal exceeds said predetermined value; and
display means for producing an indication of the amplitude of said integrator means output signal.
9. The electromyograph of claim 8, further including means for counting the number of actuating signals applied to said switch means and preventing said actuating signal from actuating said switch after said count reaches a predetermined value, whereby said input signals are integrated over several muscle contractions.
10. An electromyograph receiving an input signal from an electrode positioned to receive an electrical signal from a masticatory muscle, comprising:
threshold means receiving said input signal from said electrode and generating an actuating signal when the amplitude of said input signal exceeds a predetermined value;
integrator means for generating an output signal which is the integral with respect to time of a signal applied to its input;
switch means actuated by said actuating signal for applying the input signal from said electrode to said integrator means such that the electrode signal is integrated only when said input signal exceeds said predetermined value; and
display means for producing an indication of the amplitude of said integrator means output signal.
11. The electromyograph of claim 10, further including means for counting the number of actuating signals applied to said switch means and preventing said actuating signals from actuating said switch after said count reaches a predetermined value, whereby said input signals are integrated over several muscle contractions.
12. An electromyograph receiving an input signal from an electrode positioned to receive an electrical signal from a masticatory muscle, comprising:
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threshold means receiving said input signal from said electrode and generating an actuating signal when the amplitude of said input signal exceeds a predetermined value;
first counter means incremented by said actuating signal and providing an enabling signal until said counter means has incremented to a predetermined number of contractions;
first gating means receiving a clock signal, said gating means being enabled by said actuating signal to apply said clock signal to its output during each muscle contraction;
second gating means receiving the output of said first gating means, said gating means being enabled by said enabling signal to apply said clock signal to its output during each muscle contraction;
counter means incremented by the output of said second gating means; and
display means for displaying the contents of said counter, thereby displaying the duration of a predetermined number of muscle contractions.
13. An electromyograph receiving an input signal from an electrode positioned to receive an electrical signal from a masticatory muscle, comprising:
threshold means receiving said input signal from said electrode and generating an actuating signal when the amplitude of said input signal is less than a predetermined value;
first counter means incremented by said actuating signal and providing an enabling signal until said counter means has incremented to a predetermined number of contractions;
first gating means receiving a clock signal, said gating means being enabled by said actuating signal to apply said clock signal to its output between each muscle contraction;
second gating means receiving the output of said first gating means, said gating means being enabled by said enabling signal to apply said clock signal to its output between each muscle contraction;
counter means incremented by the output of said second gating means; and
display means for displaying the contents of said counter, thereby displaying the interval between said predetermined number of muscle contractions.
14. In an electromyograph device for measuring and displaying an electrical signal generated by a masticatory muscle picked up by an electrode and multiplied in amplitude by an amplifier means, a zero-offset, full-wave rectifier, comprising:
a first operational amplifier having an inverting input, a non-inverting input, an output voltage proportional to the voltage between said inverting and non-inverting inputs and a relatively high impedance between said inverting and non-inverting inputs;
a second operational amplifier having an inverting input, a non-inverting input, an output voltage proportional to the voltage between said inverting and non-inverting inputs and a relatively high impedance betwen said inverting and non-inverting inputs;
first impedance means connecting said amplified electrical signal to the inverting terminal of said first amplifier means;
second impedance means connected between the output and inverting input of said first amplifier means;
third impedance means interconnecting the noninverting terminals of said first and second operational amplifier;
fourth impedance means connecting the output of said first operational amplifier to the inverting input of said second operational amplifier;
fifth impedance means having an impedance substantially equal to the impedance of said fourth impedance means connecting the output and inverting input of said second operational amplifier;
first and second diodes having like terminals connected to each other, the remaining terminal of said first diode being connected to the output of said first operational amplifier and the remaining terminal of said second diode being connected to the output of said second oprational amplifier;
a third diode connected between the non-inverting terminal of said second operational amplifier and a fixed voltage, with like terminals of said second and third diodes being connected to the output and non-inverting input, respectively, of said second operational amplifier; and
bias means for directing a current through said third diode, which is adjusted so that the voltage on the non-inverting input of said second operational amplifier is equal to the voltage at the output of said first and second operational amplifiers, whereby said first diode immediately conducts current responsive to a negative electrical signal from said electrode and said second diode immediately conducts current responsive to a positive electrical signal from said electrode.
15. In an electromyograph device having a plurality of electrode channels receiving input signals from respective electrodes each positioned to receive an electrical signal from a masticatory muscle, said electromyograph producing from said input signals respective output signals indicative of a characteristic of said input signals, means for combining said output signals in a manner that facilitates comparison of said output signals, comprising:
a differential amplifier providing an output signal having an amplitude which is proportional to the differential voltage applied between a pair of input terminals;
first multiplexer means receiving said output signals and sequentially connecting said signals to one input of said differential amplifier input terminals;
means for providing a plurality of offset voltages corresponding in number to the number of output signals generated by said electromyograph; and
second multiplexer means operating in synchronism with said first multiplexer means, said second multiplexer means receiving said offset signals and sequentially applying said signals to the other input of said differential amplifier so that an oscilloscope may be connected to the output of said differential amplifier for displaying said output signal, and said output signals normally form a uniform pattern in which said signals track substantially parallel to each other but form a non-uniform pattern in which signals overlap each other in an abnormal condition, thus making abnormal characteristics of said masticatory muscles readily apparent.
16. An electromyograph having a plurality of electrode channels receiving input signals from respective electrodes each positioned to receive an electrical signal from a masticatory muscle, comprising:
respective amplifier means connected to said electrodes for increasing the amplitude of said input signals;
first filter means connected to the output of each amplifier means for modifying the frequency characteristics of said input signals;
rectifier means connected to the output of each first filter means for providing respective rectified signals which are proportional to the absolute value of the signal from said filter means;
second filter means connected to the output of each rectifier means for removing relatively high-frequency components from said rectified signal;
threshold means connected to the output of said second filter means for generating respective actuating signals responsive to the amplitude of said filtered rectified signals exceeding a predetermined value;
logarithmic circuit means connected to the output of each second filter means for generating a logarithmic output signal which is proportional to the logarithm of the amplitudes of the filtered rectified signals;
integrator means for each electrode channel generating an integrator output signal having a magnitude which is proportional to the integral with respect to time of a signal applied to its input;
first switch means for connecting the output of said rectifier means to said integrator means responsive to said actuating signal;
processor means connected to each threshold means for generating a processor output signal indicative of a time-related characteristic of said actuating signal;
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analog display means for each channel, providing an indication of the amplitude of a signal applied to its input; and
second switch means for selectively connecting either the log output signal, integrator output signal, or processor output signal to said analog display means.
17. The electromyograph device of claim 16, further comprising:
threshold means for each electrode receiving respective input signals from said electrodes and generating respective actuating signals when the amplitude of said input signals exceeds a predetermined value;
first detector means receiving all of said actuating signals and generating an enabling signal for each electrode channel, responsive to an actuating signal from any of said threshold means;
respective second detector means for each electrode channel, said second detector means terminating the enabling signal for said channel responsive to an actuating signal from the corresponding threshold means;
timer means for each electrode channel, said timer means recording the duration of the enabling signal for the corresponding electrode channel; and
digital display means for each electrode channel receiving an output from the corresponding timer means indicative of the duration of the enabling signal for the corresponding electrode channel whereby said display means indicate the time elapsing between contraction of the first-to-contract masticatory muscle and the contraction of each of the remaining masticatory muscles.
18. The electromyograph of claim 16 wherein said first and second detector means comprise:
gating means receiving the actuating signals from all of said threshold means, said gating means generating a first control signal responsive to an actuating signal from any of said threshold means;
bistable multivibrator means for each electrode channel, the multivibrator means for all electrode channels being set by said first control signal while the multivibrator means for each electrode channel is individually reset responsive to termination of the actuating signal from the corresponding threshold means; and
exclusive OR means for each electrode channel receiving the actuating signal from the corresponding threshold circuit and a set output signal from the corresponding bistable multivibrator means, said exclusive OR means generating said enabling signal when said actuating signal and the set output signal are either both present or not present so that said exclusive OR means generates an enabling signal from the start of an actuating signal from the threshold means of any electrode channel until the start of an actuating signal from the threshold means of the corresponding electrode channel.
19. The electromyograph of claim 16 wherein said rectifier means comprise:
a first operational amplifier having an inverting inout, a non-inverting input, an output voltage proportional to the voltage between said inverting and non-inverting inputs and a relatively high impedance between said inverting and non-inverting inputs;
a second operational amplifier having an inverting input, a non-inverting input, an output voltage proportional to the voltage between said inverting and non-inverting inputs and a relatively high impedance between said inverting and non-inverting inputs;
first impedance means connecting said amplified electrical signal to the inverting terminal of said first amplifier means;
second impedance means connected between the output and inverting output of said first amplifier means;
third impedance means interconnecting the noninverting terminals of said first and second operational amplifier;
fourth impedance means connecting the output of said first operational amplifier to the inverting input of said second operational amplifier;
fifth impedance means having an impedance substantially equal to the impedance of said fourth impedance means connecting the output and inverting input of said second operational amplifier;
first and second diodes having like terminals connected to each other, the remaining terminal of said first diode being connected to the output of said first operational amplifier and the remaining terminal of said second diode being connected to the output of said second operational amplifier;
a third diode connected between the non-inverting terminal of said second operational amplifier and a fixed voltage, with like terminals of said second and third diodes being connected to the output and non-inverting input, respectively, of said second operational amplifier; and
bias means for directing a current through said third diode, which is adjusted so that the voltage on the non-inverting input of said second operational amplifier is equal to the voltage at the output of said first and second operational amplifiers, whereby said first diode immediately conducts current responsive to a negative electrical signal from said electrode and said second diode immediately conducts current responsive to a positive electrical signal from said electrode.
20. The electromyograph of claim 16 wherein said logarithmic circuit means comprise:
an operational amplifier having an inverting input, a non-inverting input, an output voltage proportional to the voltage between said inverting and non-inverting inputs, and a relatively high impedance between said inverting and noninverting inputs;
first impedance means connecting to said non-inverting input to a fixed voltage;
second impedance means connecting said electrical signal to said inverting input; and
a diode connected between said inverting input and said output such that the current through said second impedance is proportional to the amplitude of said electrical signal and is substantially equal to the current through said diode, whereby the amplitude of the signal at said output is proportional to the logarithm of said electrical signal.